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May 5, 1931. c. w. DAVIS BLUE FLAME MANTLE LAMP 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed July 25, 1927 INVENTOR d ZUM ATTORNEY.

May 5, 1931. 3, w, DAVIS Re. 18,061

BLUE FLAME MANTLE LAMP Original Filed July 25; 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 O0 0 51 a 2 O 0 10 RE. (I 0 0 53 I h INYENTOR BY W I ATTORNEY.

May 5, 1931. c. w. DAVIS BLUE FLAME MANTLE LAMP Original Filed July 25, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR, v

BY I

ATTORNEY.

y 1931- c. w. DAVIS Re. 18,061

BLUE FLAME MANTLE LAMP I Original Filed July 25, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 4mm Wk INVENTQR,

ATTOR N EY May 5, 1931. c. w. DAVIS BLUE FLAME MANTLE LAMP Original Filed July 25, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet llll III" INVENTOR,

ATTORNEY. I

Reiaued May" 5, 19.31

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE coarnann w. DAVIS, 01- marinara; Iiwnmna, ASSIGNOR we ran 11mm Lam comm or memos, or CHICAGO, ILLmoIs', A oonroaa'rron or ILLINOIS BLUE ram manna Laure Original '30. 1,744,298, dated January 21, 1980, Serial No. 208,286, filed July 25, 1 927. Application for reissue fled January 9, 1931.

The invention relates to burners for blueflame lamps of the wick type in which an incandescent mantleis used, and generally consists in improvements of the parts of a burner of that ty e whereb it becomes possible to obtain a ull light From the lamp in a short period of time and to reduce the creeping or working-up tendency of the flame, making the lamp more stable and reliable in its operation.-

Several im rovements, herein described, have been ma e to accomplish the abovere- -'sults,' some of which prevent the overproduction of vapor at the wick and avoid the formation of carbon deposits upon the mantle.

Among the several novel and related improvements which contribute to roduce these results, are a new chimney an its re- ;tainingmeans, a new flame s reader, a new 0 burner cone nstruction an i a new flameprotecting be e. a The invention also involves an incandescentmantle, a mantle support, a means for mounting the mantle upon the su port and as a new burner element to which t e mantle su port is attached. ln lam s of the blue-flametype in which an incan escentmantle is used, the greatest defects have always'been the length of time $0 to uired to establish a full flame, and the insta ility of the flame before and after said flame has attained its full size. In the operation of the blue-flame incandescent lamp an intense heat is developed by the burner, and by radiation and conduction this heat 1s transmitted throu h theburner structure. It

is characteristic 0 a lamp ofthis type that the" flame never reaches a constant size until such time as a thermal equilibrium is established, in which the heat received by the burner elements .from the flame is equal to,

that radiated or otherwise lost by these same elements. 1 a

' The transmission of heat from the flame to through other elements of the burner censtitutes a rincipal cause for the unreliablhty and insta ility of a blue-flame lamp.- The .wick tubes, beini in contact'with the wick which supplies t a 'fuel for the burner, in

' the wick, to thereby prevent over eatin to all proximate parts of the lamp, including the wick tubes,"eith'er directlyv or .indirectly. w

minimized by admitting at the base. of the ierial No. 507,703.

I vaporizationof the fuel and consequently the flame produced by the burner. The heat from this flame in turn raises the temperature of the wick tubes and increases vaporization of the fuel at the wick. This action is cyclic and produces the phenomenon commonly known as creeping up of'the flame of the lamp, and ofte results in the formation of carbon deposits upon the incandescentmantle. Many ofv the improvements, herein disclosed, are specifically designed to restrict, or prevent entirely the transmission of heat from the flame to the wick tubes, to thereby lessen or substantially eliminate the creeping up of the flame as above explained. The new burner construction is of such a character that the flame at the tip of the wick is always and materially above the tops of the wick tubes, regardless of the vertical sition' 0% the wick tubes and excessive generation 0 the fuel vapor. 1

When the burner is in full operation, the

flame occupies not only the space immediately above the wick, but the interior of the mantle which is rendered hi hly incandescent by the, high temperature wit in it. The mantle being thus incandesced, transmits radiantheat the chimneyand its retaining. means, 'themantle mounting and other parts in the path of the. heat rays of the mantle. I These parts, becomin thus highly heated, would trans mit heat conduction to and overheat other parts of t e burner if the burner were not constructed'as to 'prevent that result. Experiments have proved that, in the operation of a lamp of the blue-flame type heated gases accumulate in the annular space 0 around the burner cone and the mantle, and that retention of such heated gases in this space has much to do with the overheating y of the wick'tubes; This undesirable accumulation of heatedgases has heretofore been chimneyaifr currents which, flowing into said annular space, tend to displa'e said heated gases. It is very necessary th the-amount of air thus properly gauged, and

that means be provided for maintaining at all times the quantity of air admitted at that point. his supply of air assists in keeping the burner, as a whole, in a cool condition, and increases the stability of the lamp. Experiments have also shown that, when too much air is allowed to enter at the chimney on the gallery by a series of upwar ly-porjecting fingers acting with spring tension on the lower part. One means for allowing-air to enter into the space between the chimney and. the mantle, includes ribs formed on'the deck of the gallery, so that an air space is provided under the bottom of the chimney and over the top of the gallery deck. This method of supporting a chimney on a burner gallery 'is unsatisfactory. Frequently, the user will not push the chimney all the way down to its supporting ribs, the-spring tension of the fingers being sufiicient to frictionally sustain the chimney. Under such a condition a greater amount ofair passes under the chimney and into the ace outside of the mantle, than is desirable or the efficient operation of the burner. It also frequently happens that the chimney becomes slightly tilted to one side, thus permitting a greater introduction of air at one side than the other. This correspondingly reduces the efliciency of the burner. It has also been found that the fingers of the chimne band, due to their proximity to the mantle,

ed and transmit heat to the other burnerelements.

One object of this invention is, th efore, to provide a chimne for a burneifiif the blue-flame ty e, whic is so constructed'as, in. and ofitse lf, to accurately determine the quantity of air admitted atits base to the space within it; and, also, to provide securing means which compels it to assume its proper and true position on the burner.

The horizontal terminal lip of the burner cone, due to its. proximity to the flame of the lamp and exposure to the radiant at of the mantle, is an element of the b r which becomes very highly heated, and an improvement, provided bythis invention, consists in forming the burner cone in two sections which are so related as to perform the normal functions of a continuous burner cone, and, at the same time, are separated so as to substantially insulate said terminal lip from the other art of the burner cone, means heing provi ed .forconducting heat away from the terminal lip and for dissipating this heat before it can be conducted to any element of come highly heatthe burner which would affect the vaporization of fuel from the wick.

By making the cone of the burner in two sections it becomes possible to utilize theup-.

per section as a removable support for an incandescent mantle. This section of the burner cone, being made as a separate artlcle, ad-

mits of a configuration which is best adapted to withstand distortional strainsand warping by heat. The utilization of a cone havin a separable upper section makes it possib e to renew said upper section which, if damaged by denting or other distortion, materially afi'ects the-successful operation of the lamp. A feature of the mantle support which is carried by this upper section is means encircling and centrahzing the lower end of.

the mantle and holding it in proper relation to the upper section of the burner cone. This external centralizing device admits of the sustention of the mantle at analtitude which leaves a space between its lower edge and the.

subjacent part. Free passage of air throu h this space improves the operation of t e burner.

In the operation of blue-flame mantle ucts of combustion must pass, and hence it is desirable that said single opening, which is the principal port of exit for said products of combustion, shall be of a predetermined and adequate size. The invention includes means for attaining this object, the head of the mantle bein unaffected by t a heat of the burner and which can be given a definitesize and shape.

Furthermore, it is necessary to provide blue-flame mantle lamps with some means for protecting the flame from the direct immade of some metal that is pingement of outside air currents, and such rotection is es 'ecially essential when the urner is first lig ted. It has been customary in such burners to utilize for-thisv purpose a small outstanding flame-protecting flange,

surrounding the upper extremity of the outer wick tube. I have found that in the operation of lamps of thiskind, the oil from the 'wick flows over and burns on the flame-pro- .tecting flange, thereby causing it and the outer wick tube, with which it is in direct contact, to become highly heated and to undesirably afi'ect vaporization of fuel from the wick. This invention includes a flameprotecting baflle'which functions in a manner similar to the ordinary wick-tube flame flange, but which, not only is not mechanically connectedwith the-outer wick tube,

but is so constructedand mounted as to conduct any heat it may receive from the'flame to parts of the burner remote from the outer wick tube where provision is made for the the raising of the wick to a much greater extent than is hey secured in the burner.

onl the or mary outstanding flame flan wit the result that all of the fuel is burned directly from the wick.

A new form of center-tube air spreader also participates in the functioning of the burner. This s reader is of the type havin perforated cylindrical and frustro-conica sections, and is distinguished b the absence of the air obstructing and re atively wide web of metal heretofore present at the junction of these two perforated sections. By the elimination of said web 'of metal the s reader distributes air currents uniformly throughout its entire perforated areas, and also removes an air obstructing factor from the most advantageous oint for air delivery.

The invention will be understood if the following s ecification is considered in connection wit the accompanying drawing, in which:--

Figure 1 is a front elevation showing the lamp with a part broken awa to illustrate the interior construction of t e lamp bowl and the central air tube.

. Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the burner, parts thereof being shown in section.

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the flame spreader shown in Figure 2, and Figure 5 shows a step in the process of manufacturing the completed spreader, shown in Figures 3 and4.

Figure 6 shows a front elevation of a portion of the burner, parts being broken away to reveal an air passage at the base of the chimney. v v

Figure 7 is a plan view showing the chim- Figure 8 is a front elevation ofjhe base .of the chimney shown in Figure 6.

. Figure 9 is an end view of the base of the chimney shown in Figure 8.

Figure 10 is a front elevation partly in section, showing a modified type of chimney.

Figure 11 is a fragmentary front elevation. showing the mantle and its support Figure 12 isa top view of the mantle and its support, showing the engzgynent of the mantle support and the subja nt part of the burner, the chimney being removed.

-F igure 13 is a plan view of the mantle support.

'Fi re 14 is a front elevation showing a mant e and its mounting complete, a part of the mantle support being shown as broken away.

Figure 15 is a construction of the mantle head.

Figure 16 is a sectional view of the mantle ermissible in burners employing position on the gallery of top elevation showing the the mantle head.

Figure is a fragmentary sectional view of the mantle support showing the construcj tion of the socket supporting the mantle wire.

Figures 17, 18, and 19 are detail views of The burner which is mounted on a bowl of squatty design and having the usual central air passage extending upward therethrough (Figure 1), includes inner and outer wick tubes 1, 2 (Figure 2), a wick 3 operated by a suitable wick raiser, and a perforated basket 4 on which is detachably mounted an aircooled perforated cylinder 5, constituting a portion of the burner gallery 6, the top edge 7 of this cylinder being bent inward at 7 and having an internal seat 8 (Figures 2, 12) for sustaining the mantle-supporting ring 9 which constitutes a part of the mantle mounting, said ring being provided with a vertical 'wall 10 (Figures.14,.20) having air holes 11.

and with an outwardly-turned flange 12 extending from said wall 10 and over-said seat 8. .This flange 12 has notches 13 (Figure 12) and the cylinder 5 has lugs 14 (Figure 12) cut from its seat. When the ring 9 and its associated parts are to be connected withsaid cylinder 5, the notches 13 are made to coincide with the lugs 14, the ring 9 is pushed break the heat-conductive wise, would exist. The ring 9 is fornied by so shaping'a metal annulus that a cross section thereof Figures path which, other- 1y spaced fromthe ring 9 at that point to,

2, 14, 20) shows the perforated wal 10 and its outwardly-turned flange 12, a lower horizontaLportion 18, a tapered wall 19, an u per horizontal portion 20, a depending wal 21, and the supplemental cone 22 which extends inward from said depending wall.

The ring 9, as thus made, is very stiff, and, i

consequentl is not sub ect to distortion by the intense eat of the burner.

The outer wick tube 2 maybe provided witlathe usual flame flange 23 todiminish the force of an air current which might extinguish or otherwise affect the flame at the tip of the wick, but this invention utilizes a baflie 24 which is separated from the outer wick tube, and is only supported by the gallery 6, as shown. This-bafiie is perforated, as shown at 25 and '25, and is contracted at its upper end so as'to leave a small space for the passage of air between it and the outer wick to flicker or to be entirely extinguished.

The perforations 25 in the body of thebafiie 24 admit of the cooling of said baflle by air passing upward therethrough, while the perforations 25, which are disposed proximate the flange 26, allow small quantities of air to side said baffle.

flow upward past the inner edge of the flange 26, to thereby prevent vapor, generated at the wick, from burning on or close to said flange. The baflle 24 is thus prevented from being overheated.

When the burner is to be used, the wick is turned low, and the oil at its tip is lighted.

Immediately upon ignition, the wick maybe turned up to produce approximately a maxi mum flame, whereas, in other types of blueflame burners, this cannot be done.

As soon as the parts of the burner become heated, air will begin to flow through the several passages therein, and into the combustion zone which is, of course, above the tip of the wick, the air thus flowing being admitted from the outside through the perforated basket 4. The entering air current is then divided, the greater part flowing outside of the baffle 24 and a very small part flowing in- The main current which is outside of said baflie, is directed upward and inward by the prima -cone 15, and is then accuratel guided to t e combustion zone by the supp emental cone 22 where it impinges upon the vapor rising from the wick. At the sametime air flowing upward through the central air tube 1, with which the burner is provided, and. outwardly deflected by the spreader 29, impinges upon-said vapor, thus establishing conditions which effectively cause the vapor and theair to be thoroughly mixed. v

While theupper extremity of this baflle 24 is hi her than the top of the outer wick tube 2an its outstanding flange 23, it is, as is obvious, nearer the tip of the wick, when the wick is turned up to produce a full flame, than is the flame flange at that time. For this reason the outer wick tube '2 is made shorter than usual. Hence, the bafllek24 may be regarded as superseding the usual flame flange 23, which is, however, retained to prevent considerable air flow between the outer wick tube 2 and the baflle 24, a slight flow of air bein desirable to prevent accumulation of heate air.

The sli ht clearance between the baflle 24 and the flame flange 23 prevents conduction of heat from the baffle 24 to the outer wick tube 2. This construction permits exposure of a large area of the wick 3,.which 1s adequately shielded by said baflle 24, with the reing sulting advantage that the evaporation of the fuel occurs at exposed parts of the wick 3 instead of in parts thereof which are disposed between the outer and inner wick tubes 2 and 1, respectively.- The flame,under these conditions, is further from the flame flange 23 than is the flame of a previous similar type burner and is, therefore, so distant from the wick tubes that it does not overheat them.

The provision of a large area of the wick, which is shielded from air currents, makes it possible for the user to produce a large flame from the wick immediately upon the ignition of the fuel at the tip of the wick and to obtain approximately a maximum light from the mantle at once. Several features of this invention, eliminating the transfer of heat from burner elements to the wicktube, make the flame, thus quickly produced, stable in size, and avoid the creeping up of the flame and the usual resulting carbon deposits upon the incandesecent mantle.

Although the burner cone is herein described as consisting'of two parts, namely, the parts 15 and 22, it is evident that the gallery 6 which diverts air into the part 15 may properly be regarded as an element of said burner cone, and that the break in the path of heat conducitivity may be made at any point between said part 22 and said gallery 6. v

i The mantle 30 is supported by a wire 31 which-is so bent as to have substantially parallel ends 32, 33. Tubular sockets 34 receive and support these ends, these tubular sockets bein in turn supported by the ring 9 havoles 35 (Figure 20) in oppositely disposed lugs 36 thereof, through which said sockets extend. Each socket has a. bead 37 which prevents descent thereof in the lug 36 and its lower end 38 is upset to clamp the lug 36 between it and the bead 37 Thelugs 36 have each lateral projections 39, and these projections are bent over a wire 40 which rests on the bead 37 and encircles the mantle 30 to thereby hold said mantle in concentric relation to the burner.

This external centralizing device 40 ad- 'mits of the sustention of the mantle 30 at an altitude which leaves a space between its lower edge and the subjacent part. Free passage of air through his space improves the operation of the burner.

The gallery 6 has a chimney band 41, hav- I ing perforations 41 and a plurality of inwardly-projecting prongs 42. The base. off

I above the gallery deck 46 and provide a clearanoe space 47 for the passage of air entering through perforations in the' gallery band. The air thus admitted flows over the deck of the gallery, as shown by the arrows (Fig ure 6), and into the s ace inside of the chimney and outside of t e incandescent mantle and the burner cone.

The spaces 48 between the beads 45 are sufficiently Wide to admit the prongs 42, so that the chimney may be entered into the gallery past these prongs. The tops of the beads 45 are slightly tapered, as shown in Fi ures 8, 10 so that when the chimney is inserte and turned, the prongs 42 will ride over and tighten on said ribs to firmly hold the chimne in position.

y extending the downwardly-projecting lugs 44 at the base of the chimney below the bottom of the chimney a correctdistance, it is possible to establish a predetermined clearance between the underside of the chimney and the top of the gallery. deck 46, and allow for an' air passage at this point of any desired capacity. This clearance space will be definitely established each time the chimney is placed in positon in-the gallery, as it is impossible to operate the bayonet catch mechanism for supporting the chimney in the gallery without first properly putting the chimney in position on the gallery deck 46 with the protruding lugs 44 resting on the deck of the gallery.

In the operation of a blue-flame burner fitted with an improved chimney in accordance with this invention, currents of air are induced to flow under the chimney by the draft of the chimney, as shown by the arrows (Figure 6), and these currents of air prevent sta ation of heated ases in the space 49. and assist in the combustion of fuel Va ors at the meshes of the mantle 30. It wil be noted that it will be im ossible for a user'to improperly position is chimney in the gallery or tilt the chimney to oneside, the prongs 42 and the beads 45 forming a bayonet catch which, ver securely and definitely holds and positions he chimney in its proper relation to the gallery.

The prongs 42 are in contact with the relatively cool ower end of the chimne and hence receive and transmit to the ga lery 6 Very little heat; also, the perforations .41

of the chimne band 41 admit the air which passes under t e chimney and aid in cooling these several parts. This construction 55 possesses a thermal utility which is notderivable from other constructions wherein the chimney-retaininglfingers extend u ward and are in contact wi a highl -heate part of a chimney, it bein desirab e to keep the extraiieous arts a blue-flame burneras cool as possib e so that internal parts, including \the' wick tubes will not be environed by hot elements-which prevent said internal parts from losing acquired heat, and thus to become unduly heated. f

A modified form of the chimney is shown in Figure 10,in which the beads at the bottom of the chimney are solid, while the beads on the chimney, as shown in Figures 2, 6, 8 are hollow. Both types of chimney function in the same manner on a burner. The beads and lugs at the bottom of the chimney,shown the bea s and projecting prongs, While the beads at the bottom of the modifiedchimney shown in Figure 10, are made solid by a press and blow operation at the time the chimney is made.

In the making of either type, chimney, the process of forming the bottom, which consists in forcing the glass outward against either a mold or a crimping machine, makes it possible to definitely size to a predetermined diameter, the inside wall of the chimne base, to thereby secure a correct clearance or air currents, not only under the chimney, but also upward inside the chimney and between it and the perforated cylinder carried by the gallery.

, The

inner wick tube 1, has a cylindrical bed and afrusto-conical wall 51, both of w ich are provided with minute perforations 52 flame spreader 2 9 (Figures2, 3, 4) which is supported in the upper end of the through which [air flowing upward from the central air passage 28 of the bowl and through said inner wick tube 1, may pass. The distinguishing features of this flame spreader are, first, continuity of the perforated areas of the cylindrical body 50 and the frusto-conical wall 51, which are not, as in other flame Spreaders, se arated by a narrow heat-absorb ing and air-o structing bridge of metal; and, second, a depressed centralportion 53 of the frusto-conic'al form which, being somewhat removed from the high-temperature combustion zone, is kept relatively cool so that it will conduct little-heat to the inner wick tu e. uniformly deflect therising air currents to- Said central portion 53v operates to" wards all the aforesaid perforations of the I spreader, thus facilitating flow of, said currents through said, perforations and into the ,fiame'; and'this depressed central portion'has a perforation 54 of suitable size,;the object ,thereofbeing'to prevent induced low-pressure conditionswithin it and the consequent drawing of the flame against the spreaden. The

employme'nt of a flame s reader of this de-- sign, tends to prevent over eating of the inner wicktube, maximizes thequantity of air supplied to the interior of .the flame and renders uniform the distribution of air emanating from both the-cylindrical and the frusto-coni cal area of the spreader.

The process of making the new flame T v s reader consists in first producing a cylinder (Figure 5) having an imperforate lower portion 55, a perforated upper portion 56 in which the number and size of the holes are the same as those of the completed spreader 29, and a flat and'imperforate top wall 57. Y

The upper extremity 58 of the cylinder is also imperforate.

The cylinder, thus produced, is subjected to the action of dies whereby the top wall 57 is drawn and depressed, and so much of the cylinder as includes said upper extremity '58 and the uppermost row 59 of the igure 17) having preferably'square holes 61, which, after being bent to V-shape (Fig- 0 ure '18), is curved to constitute a ring 62 having an external groove 63, (Figures 16,

19). This device is provided with a sustaining strip 64 fashioned. at its end '65 to em brace at 66 the lower edge of said ringv62, said ends being disposed within said ring so that the upper edge 67 of the mantle and its retaining cord 68 may be placed and held within said groove 63. The strip 64 is bent at its middlepart to form aneye 69 throu h which the mantle sustaining wire 31, exten s. A mantle having a head thus constructed, will possess an outlet port of determinate size and shape which permits the free outflow of'the products of combustion and generally improves the draft of the lamp. Furthermore, this construction makes it possible to so standardize all mantles that their outlet-ports will be uniform. If as heretofore, the sizesf mantles vary, the oper-i of the outlet ports 0 ations of lamps in which they are used will lack uniformity. By making all mantles identical, at least in so far as their outlet ports are concerned, this difliculty is .substantiall overcome;

An a vantage derivable from a mantle mounted as hereinbefore described, is that a mantle may be 'given'any desired diameter, the diameter being unrestricted by the predetermined size of a mating art, as,

for instance, the cone of a burner. 'lso, by divorcing the cone and the mantle, the body of the cone may be of any desired size or shape, so long as its terminal lip is properly related to the combustion zone of the burner,

to thus provide. room'within it for the addition of a baflle or other usefulelement.

The great stability of the new burner is principally due to the fact that a change in the temperature of the metal parts surrounding the outerw'ick tube does not ma.

terially influence the volume of fuel eva orated at the wick, the construction being suc that the size of the flame is almost entirely dependent upon the area of wickexpOsure. The clearane space; between the the use of T excessive quantities of heat from being radiated to this flange from the flame and subsequently conducted to the outer wick tube.

To achieve these results, I have found that the clearance between the flame flange 23 and the baflie 24 should approximate .015 .of an 1 inch; that the clearance between the outer surfaceof the wick and the flange 26 should approximate .090 of an inch; that the erforations 25% should approximate .060 0 an inch in diameter and 'be spaced approximately .100 of an inch apart; that-these perforations 25* should be very near the top of the baflie 24 and close" to the flange 26, and that the distance between the top .of the fla'nge 23 and the top of the flange 26 should be at least 3/ of an inch. Under these conditions, the flame will burn from the outside of the wick in such a manner that the base of the flame will be below the flange 26 and nearly opposite the perforations .25.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is! 1. A blue-flame'burner of the wick type, including a cone and inner and o'uterw1ck tubes, a wick disposed between said tubes, and a baflle surrounding'and sli htl spaced from said outer wick tube, saidma top .0 said, outer wick tube and having an opening at its top of substantially greater dlameter than the diameter of said wick.

- 2. A blue-flame burner of the wick type,

e terminatin at a point which is higher than the .includin' -a cone and inner and outer w1ck tubes, a ame flange surrounding the upper extremity of said outer wick tube, a wick disposed between said tubes, and a balfle surroundin and slightly spaced from said outer wick tu e said baflle terminatin at a point which is higher than the top 0 said outer wick tube and having an opening at its top of substantially greater diameter than the diameter of said wick. I 3. A blue-flame burner of the wi'ek t e, including a ,cone and inner and outer wick tubes, a wick' v disposed between said tubes, and a bafle surrounding and slightly spacedfrom said outer wick tube and having an inturned flange at its top of substantiall greater diameter than the diameter of said wick, said bafie terminatin at a point which is higher than the top of said outer wick tube. 4. A blue-flame burner of the wick type, inclu tubes, a 'ck di osed between said tubes and an 'air-coole baflle 'surroun slightly spaced from said outer wick tu and having an opening at its top of substantially greater diameter than the diameter of said wick, said baflie terminating at a point which is'higher than the top of said outer wick tube.

5. A burner of the blue-flame type, including inner and outer wick tubes, a wick, and

' a afll e spaced from said outer wick tube and having'an inturned flange and perforations proximate said flange, saidflange being disposed in a plane above the top of the outer wick tube and also spaced from the outer wick tube and from said wick.

6. A lamp of the'blue-flame type includ-' k and to accurately guide the air received from said primary part to said-space.

8. A lamp of the blue-flame t pe including a gallery, concentric wick tu s, a wick disposed between said wick tubes, a multipart cone'havin a primary part mounted on said gallery an a supplemental part for accurately guiding air received from said primary part to the space above said wick, and exterior supporting means for said supplemental part for conducting heat away'from p said sup lemental part.

disposed between said wick tubes, a multi- 9. A amp of the blue-flame type including a gallery, concentric wick tubes, a wick art cone having a primaryart for directing air towards the space a ove said wick, a supplemental part spaced from said primary 'part for accurate y guiding the air re= ceived from said primary part to said s ace,

' and means for conducting heat away rom plemental .part

ing s aoed and receivingair from said prisaid sup lemental art.

, 19. A lue-flame urner includingamultipart cone havingl a primarypart, and a supaving a groove into which the up r edge of the prima 11. X blue-flame burner inc uding a multi-, part cone having a rimar part, and a suplemental part, sai supp emental part bemary part and constituting a mantle-supporting element. 7 I

1 2. A blue-flame burner'including wick tubes a multipart cone structure havin a heat-msulated element for accurately guiding air to the space above said-wick tubes, and a deflector spaced from the proximate wick tube for reventin air currents from unduly disturbing the ame in said space,

part extends;

said deflector being also spaced from said tube, a wick therebetween which extends considerably above said outer wick tube when the burner is in operation, a burner cone, a.

baflle between said burner cone and theex posed outer surface of said wick forming a chamber between the exposed outersurface of said wick and said baflie, and means for introducing air into said chamber, said cham- .ber providing-a flame-protective zone for the base of aflame burnin on the outer exposed surface of the wick, an the base of said flame being at an altitude ab ve the bottom of said chamber. l

15. A blue-flame oil burner-of the wick type including an outer wick tube, an inner wick tube a wick therebetween which ex tends considerably above said outer wick tube when the burner is in operation, a burner cone, a baflie between .said burner cone and the ex osed outer surface of said wick forming a c amber between the exposed outer surface of said wick and said baflle, and means for ingoducing air into said chamber from below, said chamber providing a flame-protective zone for the-baseof a flame biirning on the outer exposed surface of the wick, and the base of said flamebeing at an altitude above the-bottom of saidchamber.

16. A blue-flame oil burner including a wick, a wick tube surrounding said wick, a burner cone, a bafile positioned between said c he and said wick tube' and formin a'flamep otecting chamber between it and the exposed surface of the wick, said chamber beng freely open at its top and having a restricted entrance at its bottom, the air admission to said'chamber/ being such that the base of-theflame is revented from reaching the k bottomofthe c amber.

l 17. blue-flame oil burner including a wick, awicktube surrounding said wick, a

burner cone, a baflie positioned between said coneand said wick to'form an air passage on the outside of said bafliefor air supplied to the upper part of a flame burning'from said wick and to form a flame-protecting chamber for the base of said flame, there being associated with said chamber air admission that the flame of the lamp will be substanwick, a deflector to so consaid wick tube, a bafl'le proximate said wick tube and having air openings near its upper end, and a flange extending inward from the upper extremity of said baflie, said air open ings lying in 'a plane above thetop of the wick tube and the aggregate area thereof and the clearance spaces between said flame flange and said baflle, and between the said flange and said wick, being such as to cause the base of the flame to be higher than said flame flange and lower than the tip of said wick.

20. A blue-flame oil burner including. a cone, a wick, a baflie and a wick tube surrounding said wick, said bafl'le being positioned adjacent and terminating substantially above the top of said wick tube and forming a chamber around the outer exposed surface of the wick, when said wick is fully raised, air admission to which chamber is restricted, whereby the base of the flame produced on the wick is maintained in said chamber and is separated from subjacent parts of said chamber.

21. An oil burner of the blue-flame type including a cone, a wick, a baflie, an outer wick tube surrounding said wick, and a flame protecting element, said baflie being positioned adjacent to and terminating substantially above the upper extremity of said outer wick above the upper extremity of said outer wick tube and said flame-protecting element, thereby forming at the bottom of the outer exposed surface of the wick, when raised, a combustion chamber, air admission to which chamber is restricted, whereby the flame propaga tion in said chamber is so controlled thatthe base of a flame produced on the wick is maintained at the surface of'the wick in said chamher and out of contact with said outer wick tube and said flame-protecting element.

22. An oil burner of the blue-flame type including a cone, a wick, a baflie, an outer wick tube surrounding said wick, and a flame-protecting element, *said baflie being positioned adjacent to and terminating substantially tube and said flame-protecting element, thereby forming at the bottom of the outer exposed surface of the wick, when raised, a combustion, chamber, air admission to which cham= ber is restricted, whereby the flame 'ropagation in said chamber is'so 'controlle that the base of a flame produced on the wick is maintained'at the surface of the wick in said chamber and out of contact withsaid outer wick tube and said flame-protecting element, the

and substantially out of metallic'contact with said baflie.

23, A blue-flame burner including a wick, a

burner cone, a baflie, and a wick tube surroundin said wick and having aflame-protecting e ement at its upper end, said bafl'le being positioned between said flame-protectingelement and said burner cone and terminating substantiall above said wick tube and forming exterior y a major air passage to the up-.

per section of a flame rising from the wick and interiorly a chamber adjacent the bottom of the outer exposed surface of the wick, air

admission to which is restricted, whereby the base of the flame is maintained within said chamber and out of contact with said wick tube and said flame-protecting element.

24. A burner of the blue-flame type includin a wick, a wick tube surrounding said wick,

a urner cone, and a baflie surrounding and spaced from said wick tube, therebyforming a combustion chamber therebetwen having a restricted air inlet, the upper end of said baffle terminating at a point which is sufficiently high relatively to the top of said wick tube to admit of such raising of the wick that the flame may be maintained only. on the upper Ortion of the exposed surfaces, and said cone being so related to said baflie that an adequate passage for ai; flowing to the-combustion zone 7 above the to of said wick is provided between said cone and said baflle.

25,. A blue-flame burner including a wick, a cone having aninternal 1i for directing air to the space above said wic and means independent and exterior of the cone of said burner for sustaining said lip and dissipating heatreceived by said lip during the operation of the burner. A

26. A blue-flame burner of the wick type including a gallery, a burner-cone section suported from an air-cooled portion of said gal-- ery which is disposed exterior of said burner cone section; j I I 27. A blue-flameburner of the wick ty including a burner cone-consisting of a p u ity ofsections, one of which is a continuation of the. other, the upper section of said burner cone being supported by an air-cooled element of the burner.

28. A blue-flame burner of including a sectional burner cone, and a heatinsulating air gap in said burner cone for resisting conduction of heat through said sectlonal burner cone.

the wick type 29. A blue-flame burner of the-wick typeincludin a sectional cone, and a perforated support or the terminal section of said cone,

said perforated support being disposed outside of and spaced from said cone to thereby facilitate the flow of air through its perforations.

31. A removable burner-cone topcom ris ing a ring having exteriorly a flan e an in- 30. A removable burner-cone top com- I prising a ring having interiorly a lip, the v teriorly a lip, the intermediate section of said no burner-cone totp being ribbed to prevent distortion thereo 32. A removable burner-cone top including a ring having an inside lip terminating be ow the upper surface of said burner-cone top.

33. A removable burner-cone top comprising a ring having interiorly a lip, and provi e d with a plurality of annular strengthening ribs.

34. A removable burner-cone top comprising a ring having annular strengthening ribs, one of said ribs being a depressed portion, and the other of said ribs being a raised portion of said ring.

35. 'A blue-flame mantle burner of the wick type, including means for holding a chimney on the burner, and means interposed between the mantle and said chimney-holding means for intercepting and dissipating radiant heat emanating from-the mantle.

36. A blue-flame oil burner of the wick type including a gallery, a wick and a cone for irecting air to the space above said wick, there being in said burner aheat-insulating air gp for reventing direct conduction of {mat om t e top of said cone to said galcry.

37. A blue-flame oil burner of the wick type having a burner cone and an outer wick tube, and an air-guiding bafile disposed with its upper end below the up ,er end of the wick when the wick is raise to its operative position and in such relation to the burner assage which leads to the exposed surface of t e wick and through which a ve small current of heat-insulating air may ow to prevent overheating of the outer wick tube, said baflle having an inturned flange at its upper end. v

40. A blue-flame oil burner of the type having a wick, a burner cone, an outer wick tube, and a flame-protecting baflie, said baffle being s aced from said outer wick tube b a small eat-insulating air space throu which a limited quantity of air flows to t e outer ex osed surface of the wick, the air for sustaining combustion flowing exterior of said baflle and being so directed to the flame burning on the outer exposed surface of the wick that said flame is prevented from burning down and coming in contact with the outer wick tube.

41. A burner of the blue flame type, including an outer wick tube, a wick having when raised to operative sition a flameless exposed side area proximate and a flame area somewhat remote from said outer wick tube and an air restricting baflle surrounding and heat insulated from said outer wick tube and operating to so limit the flow of air within it that the flame is maintained only on the flame area of the wick.

In testimony whereof I aflix my si ature.

CORTLAND W. D VIS.

cone and the outer wick tube as to produce between it and the burner cone a major air passage, and between it and the outer wick tube a minor air passage, which leads to the exposed surface of the wick and through which a very small current of heat-insulating air may flow to prevent overheating of the outer wick tube. I

38. A blue-flame oil burner of the wick typ: having a burner cone and an outer wick" tu anda flame= rotecting baflle disposed exposed surface of the wick and through which a very small current of heat-insulating air may flow to prevent overheating of the outer wick tube. 39. A blue-flame oil burner of the wick typ: having a burner cone and an outer wick tu and a baflle disposed with its up r end below the up er en of the wick w on the wick is raise to its operative position and in such relation to the burnercone and the outer wick tube as'to produce between it and the burner cone a ma or air passage, and between it and the outer wick tube a minor air 

